Three earthquakes in 1811 and 1812, estimated at approximately 8 on the Richter magnitude scale, were centered neqr New Madrid, Missouri. These earthquakes created Reelfoot Lake in Tennessee from the altered landscape near the river, and were said to have temporarily reversed the direction of flow of the Mississippi itself. The faulting, along the New Madrid Seismic Zone between Memphis and St. Louis, is related to an aulacogen (geologic term for a failed rift) that formed at the same time as the Gulf of Mexico.
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